2016م - 1444هـ
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Geology of South-Eastern Europe

Vladica Cvetkovic, Dejan Prelević and Stefan Schmid

Abstract The region of South-Eastern Europe (SEE) occupies an important

segment of the Alpine–Himalayan collisional orogenic belt and consists of several

Phanerozoic mobile belts. The SEE region inherits its geology from the evolution of

the Vardar Tethys ocean, which existed in-between the Eurasian (Europe) and

Gondwana (Africa) continental plates and which relicts presently occur along the

Vardar–Tethyan mega-suture. This synthesis, therefore, consists of (1) pre-, (2) synand (3) post-Vardar–Tethyan geology of SEE. Pre-Vardar–Tethyan geology on the

European side is reflected by geological units formed from Precambrian to

Mesozoic times and include the Moesian platform, the Dacia mega-unit and the

Rhodopes. On the Gondwana side, it is represented by the External Dinarides, the

Dalmatian-Ionian Zone and Stable Adria (Apulia), all principally formed from

Paleozoic to Mesozoic times. The Syn-Vardar–Tethyan units encompass the bulk of

the geological framework of SEE. They are a physical record of the former existence of the Mesozoic oceanic lithosphere, being represented dominantly by

ophiolites and trench/accretionary wedge (mélange) assemblages, which originated

and were reworked during the life-span of the Vardar Tethys. The Post-Vardar–

Tethyan geological evolution refers to the time period from the final closure of the

Vardar Tethys until present. It comprises all rocks that stratigraphically overlie

the Vardar–Tethyan mega-suture and seal the contacts between the mega-suture and

the surrounding geological units. This is the time characterized by rapid extension

coupled with exhumation of the lower crustal material, high heat flow, both

intrusive and extrusive magmatism and considerable lithosphere thinning.